The specificity of megacolon and the causes
Megacolon, as well as mega-rectum, is a descriptive term for the dilatation of the colon without mechanical obstruction. Although the definition of megacolon has varied in the literature, most researchers use this term in cases where the measurement is more than 12 cm for the cecum. Megacolon can be divided into the following 3 categories:
Acute megacolon (obstruction);
Chronic megacolon, which includes congenital, acquired, and idiopathic causes;
Toxic megacolon.
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of chronic megacolon is not fully understood. It is probably an amalgam of primary disorders associated with the muscular and nervous system. Much fundamental scientific work has been done in this area. For example, in relation to the colon, its content is considered fatty acids, which can reduce the volume of the proximal colon. Opiate drugs, on the other hand, also tend to shrink the colon and narrow it.
Control of the contractile system is performed through a complex interaction of internal nerves, celiac nerve control, and the central nervous system. The final internal nerve control of the intestine occurs through postganglionic nerves: stimulating cholinergic nerves and inhibiting oxides of nitrogen-releasing nerves. Available evidence suggests that excessive production of nitric oxide may be a trigger mechanism for toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis; So far, there is no evidence of the possible role of nitric oxide in chronic megacolon, which is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Causes of megacolon:
Hirschsprung disease. It is caused by a gene mutation. A defect occurs in 1 out of 5,000 newborns. Some cases are hereditary, with a total frequency of 3.6%.
Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (neural deafness, megacolon).
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.
Mitochondrial encephalopathy. Only type III includes severe dilatation of the colon.
Forecast
The prognosis is associated with the severity of megacolon and the severity of the patient’s concomitant diseases. While some patients require surgery, other patients can maintain their condition while on a strict diet. No large-scale studies have so far been carried out to determine the prevalence / incidence of acquired megacolon. However, the approximate risk of spontaneous development of a non-toxic disease is 3%. When on the road in California, you can trust Moreno Valley towing to take care of you anytime you're in need. Locally owned, professional service will deliver your vehicle quickly and safely to the best point of service nearby.